Essay --

Sam Gourley rotherhamBeing a mechanical design engineer is non easy, however mechanical design engineering is one of the oldest and or so respected engineering disciplines. Some skills that a mechanical design engineer will use in an average day are math, physical science, and chemistry principles, not to mention their imagination.With a Bachelors degree in Mechanical Engineering, one could focus on standard menial duties such as a machine operator on the factory floor, yet with this degree and additional specific education, the same person would be able to move into advanced disciplines or rub down a combination of the two. (A manager on the factory floor.) In mechanical engineering you can make between $46,432 and $106,848 annually. Some advantages to mechanical engineering are that you get to design and or build the products of tomorrow, such as touchscreen devices, personal supercomputers, online social networks, and electric cars. Though this sounds like a dream romp mechanical engineering does have its disadvantages, it includes using math and physics, and may require excellent management skills to organize resources.At minimum, mechanical engineering uses math and physics principles to help design product components with specific functions. (Such as the gears of an analog clock.) These skills are used by multiple industries including medical, automotive, architecture, (e.t.c) No matter the project, most mechanical engineers are responsible for a single component of a system. Although smaller companies often depend on a single mechanical engineer for work that ineluctably to be done, its common for larger companies to have entire teams. Though, in the case of a complex system, several mechanical engineers will usually work toge... ...part of a team that designs the first teleporter. Imagine discovering new ways to harness energy. Imagine creating the first personal consumer spacecraft. The imagination is the limit. In manufacturing indu stries, mechanical engineers may arise the installation of new equipment and plan schedules for regular servicing and overhauling of all the machinery and equipment involved. Mechanical engineers need excellent management skills to organise resources like people, money and equipment. Projects can parti-color significantly, from researching and developing medical products (such as mechanical hearts) to improving production processes in large oil refineries. Depending on the employment market in your area, it may be possible to enter the profession at technician level as an apprentice, for which a GCSE ( General Certificate of Secondary Education) will be required.

frost bite :: essays research papers

Frostbite occurs when skin tissue and blood vessels are damaged from exposure to temperatures below 32 degrees fahrenheit. It mostly affects the toes, fingers, earlobes, chin, cheeks and nose, body parts which are lots left uncovered in cold temperatures. Frostbite can occur rapidly or gradually, depending on the temperature conditions and how long it is exposed.Frostbite has three gifts. They are frostnip, picayune frostbite, and deep frostbite. Frostnip occurs when you have this pins and needles sensation and the skin turning very white and soft. This stage has no permanent damage and may be reversed by soaking in warm water or breathing warm breath on the touch on study.Superficial frostbite is the stage of frostbite when voluptuous occurs. the skin feels numb, waxy, and frozen. There are ice crystals that form in the skin cells and the rest of the skin remains flexible.Deep frostbite is the most serious stage of frostbite. The blood vessels, muscles, tendons, nerves, and b one all may be frozen. This stage leads to permanent damage, blood clots and gangrene, in severe cases. You have no feeling in the affected area and there usually isnt any blistering. Serious infections and loss of lims accur frequently when frostbite reaches this stage of its development. However, even in deep frostbite, frozen lims may be saved if medical attention is obtained as soon as possible.If you are in a situation where a patient cant be transported to a infirmary immediately, the following rewarming techniques may help until reaching an emergency facility.- Bring them indoors as soon as possible.- Apply warm towels or immerse the area in circulating warm water for twenty minutes. However DO NOT rub or use hot water.- Do not prevail the area near fire since the area may be burned due to the reduced feeling in the area.- Offer the patient warm hot chocolate or tea, but never alcohol.- Keep the affected area raised.After re-warming, a superficial frostbite will reddon and become painful as circulation resumes in the area. Blisters are likely to form within 24 hours.While a frostbite injury is healing, do the following- Avoid infection by go away the blisters alone.- Watch for signs of infection such as redness, swelling, fever, oozing pus, and red streaks on skin.- Take all prescribed medications.- Dont expose the affected area to cold temperatures until cleared to do so by a physician.

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Do we look like fortune tellers? Declare a major? Chart a course? Have a burger instead of a dog? What do you want to do when you grow up? There are more forks in the road ahead of us than at the Country Buffet -- and were asked to choose just oneWhat is your favorite color? Blue. But are orange and red and puce out of the question? Banished from gap? Put on the eternal yuck list? It just means that blue works today, but the rest of the rainbow is at our fingertips -- to use later, or not at all.We are full of secrets. We have lives and interests and talents that exist independent of math, and English, science and social studies. Secrets in the shadows of assemblies, football games, clubs, sports, dances and homework.We have friends who paint murals, write poetry, build cars, manage electronic computer networks, train for the Olympics and save lives. Underneath these goofy caps are talents and dreams, ambitions and hopes -- enough to last decades, to build families, to change commu nities, to change lives. And our real destinations are secret -- even from ourselves -- and thats OK. We whitethorn have an idea, a plan, a passion. But we cant tell for sure.We will arrange flowers, electrons, words and water. Well shape ideas, images, politics, missions and metal. Well be productive and worthwhile, but where do we start?Im scratch with cowsWhile fussing over what I would do for my application project, I said to myself, Sarah, what do you really want to do? What do you wanna have period of play learning about? and my answer was, I would like to hang out with cows. Now, let me tell you, it is not easy to walk up to a dairy farm farmer and say, Hello, can I come hang out at your farm and play with your thousand-pound puppies? but I was fortunate enough to find an improbable mentor and family who welcomed me into their lives. A year later, I continue to learn from my farm family, and my cow friends. In fact, one week from today I plan to plenty into a pick-up tru ck and head to Boise to attend the National Holstein Convention to learn more about cows and spend more time with the raft who love them -- talk about great stuff Someday, it may be because of my secret life that youve got milk.

steve wynn :: essays research papers fc

Steve Wynns NevadaWhat better way to set off Nevadas centennial birthday than with the opening of the worlds most exceedingly anticipated resort. Steve Wynn is set to open the only hotel good enough to put his signature on, Wynn Las Vegas is set to open its doors on April 28th, Elaine Wynns birthday. Already fully book thru July, you volition need more than an American Express black card to get a room there before Fall. At a simple $2.6 billion and counting, the classy fifty story bronze beast is home to 2,700 rooms located across from the Fashion Show Mall. Each suite has down to ceiling windows with views of either the strip, a man made mountain and lake or the championship golf course designed by world renowned turkey cock Fazio. Among two new exquisite themed theaters, dozens of restaurants, a Maserati and Ferarri dealership, high-end boutiques, a spa and a huge waterfall, it will also feature Steve and Elaine Wynns gallery of nontextual matter from their own private colle ction. One of the new showrooms will hopefully be worth its $100 million price tag. It seats 2,000 and is shaped like a globe with water flowing all around the divided sections. Actors will be performing throughout the theatre within forty feet of every seat, which makes for no bad seat in the house. Its claim to fame will be what Wynn has been known for in the past, impeccable first class service. Since October of last year stiff to 110,000 applied on line for a chance to work with such a successful hotelier. So to his advantage he was able to pick and call for only the best, many from his soon to be competitors. Only 9,000 made the final cut. This will be his big comeback since leaving five years agone when he sold the Mirage Resorts to MGM Grand Inc. for $6.4 billion.Plans for expanding the mega resort that has yet to open are well under way. A proposed $200 million expansion will tag on eighteen luxury golf villas, extra parking, another theatre and more casino space. Later a s many as 1,400 more rooms will be added which is expected to cost another half a billion dollars by the time its done.As a boy Wynn attended military give lessons and would go on to attend one of the best business schools in the country, Wharton at University of Pennsylvania.

Managing Exam Stress Essays -- Coping With Exam Stress

Define stressStress is the bodys natural solution to a threatening situation, and stress causes the release of hormones such as adrenaline, that prepare the body for its instinctual response to a threat flight, fight or freeze. The adrenaline causes processes in your body to change, for example, your breathing and heart rate quicken, your senses sharpen, muscles tighten and your blood pressure is raised. These changes allow your reaction time to increase, which could mean the difference between life and death. However, umpteen people, including students, live in stressful situations every day, and this has a negative effect of their health.Factors causing exam-related stressOne of the main causes of exam-related stress is the pressure on students to outstrip in the exams academically. printing press tail assembly be placed on the student by family or friends, as well as by the student themselves. Pressure placed on the student by family members is often the result of parents wan ting their children to achieve better results than they did, causing unnecessary stress on the student. Fear of frustrate family members also causes high levels of stress for the student. Certain expectations are held of students by their parents, such as being accepted into a certain high-school or tertiary institution. These expectations can be unrealistic and not be based on the students strengths and weaknesses. These expectations can also create pressure on the student to abut his parents expectations, which creates feelings of inadequacy when they cant be met.Pressure is also placed on a student by himself. The student believes that in order to be a good student, they have to do well at school all the time. If the student wants to achieve a certa... ...and-depression-in-children/493_4525/causes-of-exam-stress-in-children.html http//brainconnection.positscience.com/tests-stress-problems-for-students/ http//www.kidshelp.com.au/grownups/news-research/hot-topics/exam-stress.p hphttp//developingchild.harvard.edu/topics/science_of_early_childhood/toxic_stress_response/ http//www.themaneater.com/stories/2009/5/8/final-exams-causes-students-have-stress-bad-habits/ http//education.jhu.edu/PD/newhorizons/strategies/topics/ tutelage%20Fit%20for%20Learning/stress.html http//www.15minutes4me.com/article/stress-how-does-stress-tension-affects-teenagers/http//www.guidetostressmanagement.com/effects-of-stress/effects-of-stress-on-teens.html http//www.nhs.uk/Conditions/stress-anxiety-depression/Pages/Coping-with-exam-stress.aspx http//www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/advice/factfile_az/exams_stress

Eating Disorders - Womens Magazines and Cinderella Essay -- Argument

Womens Magazines and Cinderella In the world today much of the literature aimed at the feminine audience keeps us trapped in the role of Cinderella. We recollect of ourselves as the poor, helpless, and uncared for woman who needs to be saved. The covers, the advertisements, and about articles in womens magazines reinforce what it means to be an ideal woman in todays society. Pick up most any feminine magazine in your grocery store today, and it will define for you what it to be feminine in the year 2000. It defines most women as universe slim happy wives, with great careers and wonderful children. One example of this journalistic nonsense is the magazine Redbook. The covers read like a map to any womans (or mans) fairytale life. Headlines like Burn Fat Faster at 25, 35, 45 (169) and Perfect Skin 77 quick tricks(cover November) encourage us to be the best we stop be in his eyes. Another headline tells us why it Rosie ODonnell may never be slim (cover November). Why should she be? Shes perfect, but n... ...f Leslie Jane Seymour, publishers Hearst Communications, Inc.. Redbook advertisement by Virginia Slim volume 192 November 1999, Pg. 12 Virginia Slims advertisement, Editor-in-Chief Leslie Jane Seymour, publishers Hearst Communications, Inc. Sommers, Jeff and Lewiecki-Wilson, Cynthia, From Community to College, Reading and Writing Across Diverse Contexts, authors and published by St. Martins Press 1996, quote found on pg. 114 in Listening an essay by Sey Chassler, published in 1984 in MS. Magazine

Eating Disorders - Womens Magazines and Cinderella Essay -- Argument

Womens Magazines and Cinderella In the world today much of the literature aimed at the feminine audience keeps us trapped in the role of Cinderella. We think of ourselves as the poor, helpless, and uncared for woman who needs to be saved. The covers, the advertisements, and around articles in womens magazines reinforce what it means to be an ideal woman in todays society. pickaxe up most any feminine magazine in your grocery store today, and it will define for you what it to be feminine in the year 2000. It defines most women as being slim happy wives, with great careers and wonderful children. One example of this journalistic nonsense is the magazine Redbook. The covers read like a defend to any womans (or mans) fairytale life. Headlines like Burn Fat Faster at 25, 35, 45 (169) and Perfect Skin 77 quick tricks(cover November) encourage us to be the best we can be in his eyes. Another headline tells us why it Rosie ODonnell may never be slim (cover November). Why should she be ? Shes perfect, just n... ...f Leslie Jane Seymour, publishers Hearst Communications, Inc.. Redbook advertisement by Virginia Slim volume 192 November 1999, Pg. 12 Virginia Slims advertisement, Editor-in-Chief Leslie Jane Seymour, publishers Hearst Communications, Inc. Sommers, Jeff and Lewiecki-Wilson, Cynthia, From Community to College, Reading and Writing Across Diverse Contexts, authors and published by St. Martins Press 1996, quote demonstrate on pg. 114 in Listening an essay by Sey Chassler, published in 1984 in MS. Magazine

A Comparison Between Two Complementary Poems Essay

The two complementary poems Old perplex and Island Man are based on the subject of two diverse men who are get by with an experience of migrating to some other rustic. In this coursework we will discuss these poems, then compare, and contrast their theme and language.Hugh bosuns Old Father appeared in an anthology called Writing in 1978. Boatswains work speaks to the condition of the racial tensions in the 70s and engages, in sparse poetic form, in much of the cultural analysis. Boatswains poems demonstrate the wideness of creativity, cultural transaction, and transition in the historicizing of West Indian migration and settlement in Britain.The poet has expendd a narrative description in the poem to portray his views and thoughts to the members of the audience. The poem relates to a series of events of old tiro in a chronological order of his animation. The poem depicts the livelihood and culture of a person from a distant atmosphere and surrounding who goes through a lot o f hardships in the beginning delinquent to the unknown surroundings. The poet has then given a brief sketch of his adaptation to the society and how he changes to accept those adaptations. The poem creates a depressing feeling in our hearts as the poet describes how old father forgets his culture and roots by his behaviour.The poet has described his views in rather an ambiguous port no information obtained by us can be powerfully evident. It tells the story of an old or older figure in the black community, how old is not known but can be presumed to the mid thirties or more. The title Old Father depicts a personage of high value, a person who would hold up and support the beliefs and values of the society. The title describes a man of experience, ingenuity, and responsibility.In the beginning of his shift to England the Caribbean man lustd to return to his homeland. The poet then discusses how old father bought a turning point in his life and started changing his lifestyle to ge t more accepted in the society. This is indicated by the words Old Father feet begin to shift. His roots have no substance now (Line No. 10 and 11).This is also an example of one of many metaphors in the poems, i.e. his feet are not actually shifting but his attitude is changing and he is accepting his situation in the society and is trying to improve it. In this process he is leaving nothing out, to the extent that he is fructify to change his values, beliefs and ethical values to receive acceptance. He then discusses about old fathers personalised and love life, he also brings up the point of how he changes his attitude towards his own friends of his race.Boatswain has added a variety of characters to the poem. Even though the vagueness of details of the character we can say that Old Father was undignified to an extent. From the succeeding(a) line Bouncing down the road with a blonde (Line No. 17) we can presume his indecency, as walking with a blonde is considered inappropria te due to the negative image they have created in the society. The whole image is cojourned by the term blonde relieving his change in attitude and lifestyle to be considered indecorous.The poet has elect his words very particularly and has also considered the arrangement of these words. He has expenditured a varied range of figures of speech like metonymy and personifications but has highly considered the use of metaphors. These figures of speech and choice of worlds create a rhythmatic design this maintains the reader with an interested attitude.A lot of attention is given to the use of punctuations. Boatswains way of describing and explaining imagery is noteworthy. For example Cold bite him hard (Line No.2), this shows how painful the weather is to this Caribbean man in the beginning of his arrival. We can see how Boatswains use of language is very descriptive but concise and effective.The other poem Island Man is a piece of poetry written by Grace Nichols. She was innate(p) in Guyana and came to Britain in 1977. She writes this poem in context to a Caribbean man who has settled in London but still wakes up to the sound of the sea and the tranquillity of his indigen island.Island Man consists of a wide range of sounds and images to express the Caribbean mans feelings and thinking. For example the sound of the blue surf and the steady jailbreak and wombing (Line No.3 and 5) are good examples of his use of language and images for the description of his feelings. This poem is also told in a narrative manner but unlike Old Father the poem is more instinctive.The poem is bought out in the form of a dream. A number of images are described to show how he imagined himself in his native island where in that location was no hindrance or disturbance but peace and tranquillity, whereas the atmosphere in London was completely contradictory to his dream. Therefore when he wakes up and enters the world of reality where he is back in London and hears the roar of the cars and screeches of the wheels instead of the sound of the sea he just says Another London sidereal day (Line No. 19). He probably says this as he has been living in London since a long time and is now frustrated with his usual rut and wants to get out of it and return to his paradise like island.His attitude towards this new environment is not so enthusiastic. This is indicated by the words groggily groggily (Line No. 11). He has already seen the usual busy days of London and has accepted them in his life and has acknowledged this new surrounding. But a sense of frustration has aroused and his crave for his native island just became greater than before.Both the poems hold a lot of similarity of cultures and attitudes towards the new migration. Both of them share unhappiness in this new environment of theirs. Both of them also discuss the bitter weather. But old father moves on in his life whereas in Island Man we will notice that there is not much of progression in the story. I t is just a dream whereas the whole life of old father is discussed in the other poem. Hence a lot of contradictions are in the poem. Also the language and use of punctuations is very different. In Old Father punctuations are given a lot of importance and are very proper whereas in Island Man the poem consists of no punctuations at all. It forms more of a spontaneous attitude and also considers the lazy forenoon attitude of a person. Therefore as this is a dream the poet has very well described this quality and has also set a sense of spontaneous feelings and emotions.He is an example to his passel (Line 41, Old Father), these were the words used to describe old father and his behaviour. It is the sagaciousness of a white English racist person. This opinion can be adapted in two contradictory perceptions. The white people may say it in the context that every person from some other country, another culture should act like him. They should also adopt the behaviour and culture of t he country they live in.The contradictory statement to this would be that the white people are saying that he was a person who was ready to change for his benefit of himself and in the end of the day for h is own betterment he would forget his friends. Hence they jump to the conclusion that he is just an example of those people who are of his culture and each would do anything for their own personal benefits forgetting their personal beliefs and culture.In the end I would conclude saying that both the poems state a moral towards us. In Old Father we can say that a man should adapt towards his surrounding but that does not mean we should forget who we are, what is our identity. Whereas in Island Man we can see that a man has come to another country but still has not let go of the memories of his own countries and hence is not able to move on and adapt the good qualities of the country he is living with. Hence we should learn from this poem that thinking about our past and not moving on would just lead to frustration and everything would go wrong. Hence we should keep up the pace in life and never look back and ponder.

Group Manuscript

Bacterial booths are a common choice for in vivo replication of deoxyribonucleic acid of interest, and in this study, the heat daze method was employed for bacterial version. Plasmids, which are deoxyribonucleic acid molecules themselves, were utilize as expression vectors for the DNA of interest, the GAP element. Because only transformed cells exhibit antibiotic resistance, trans build up cells survived on plates containing inclining. Only those cells that took up plasmid s containing the GAP gene fluoresced in IV stir up.By restriction enzyme analysis and gel electro prophesiers, the relationship between genotype and phenotype was observed using isolated p zamias from the bacteria. Because the presence of the GAP gene codes for fluorescence, it is expected t hat a genotype label for the protein would express the desirous phenotype. Regular action of GAP gene expression was observed in samples that were grown with rabbinate, inimical in, and vary amounts Of glucose. Our results Suggest that the presence Of glucose in the s travel environment inhibited transcription from the rabbinate pestilential promoter. Age 3 INTRODUCTION This study examined the transcriptional regulation Of the rabbinate Oberon pr emoted found in Escherichia coli (E. Coli). To facilitate this study, the Green Fluorescence t protein (GAP) was utilized as a reporter gene with the rabbinate promoter. The KEEP gene w as 772 base pairs (BP) long and was extracted from Quarrel Victoria. This gene was implanted into plasmids, which were inserted into the E. Coli by means of bacterial transformation (3). In order to obtain teeming copies of these DNA samples in a reason satisfactory ammo NT of time, deuce methods bottom be used.The offshoot is considered in vitro , or in glass, (such as a test tube) and is known as polymerase chain reaction. This method, in which a machine heats t he DNA sample ND Tag polymerase clones the DNA, is expensive and less convenient, so it is not alwa ys used. The other method is In Vivo , or in animation, and is c all(prenominal)ed transformation. This method was used in this experiment by shocking E. Coli bacteria with heat in order for them to take in plasmids that were transformed to contain the GAP gene. Not all bacteria were transformed, and not all transformed bacteria contained the GAP gene.To differentiate between transformed and n untransformed bacteria, they were grown on inclining, as the transformed bacteria were rest assistant to impact Olin but the untransformed bacteria were killed by it. The plasmids with and with out the GAP gene were differentiated by visualization under IV light (4). The genotype of the remaining plasmids, both transformed and nontransparent med, were then tested to determine the relationship between the genotype, or plasmid c im arrangement, and phenotype, or presence of fluorescence.The plasmids were aloof from the e bacteria, with some samples left whole as controls and others cut into pi eces by restriction enzymes. In this case, doll, originating from Hemophilia influenza , was the enzyme used to cut the plasmids Page 4 at their respective Hind doll sites, where the GAP gene would leave been inserted. This was done to determine whether or not the KEEP gene was taken in by the plasmids when it was electrophoresis, as the difference in size of the pieces was observed in the gag arose gel (4).Even though a transformed bacterium may have had the GAP gene in its insert Ted plasmid, it needed the promoter corked (consisting of genes Arab, area, and award) and t he GAP gene in the right direction and position in order for the bacterium to have the potent al for fluorescence. It may still not have fluoresced if there was not enough rabbinate present for the bad promoter to run, or if a high concentration of glucose inside the cell was present to rep as the bad promoter.With all the necessary genetic co slit for fluorescence, the amount that was visible depended on the am ount of glucose present, as no glucose caused it to floorer see brightly, and a low concentration made it glow dully (4). Each step of this experiment was vital in analyzing the transcriptional regulate on of the rabbinate Oberon promoter. Through bacterial transformation, recombinant DNA and cloning methods were used in order to insert the GAP gene into the plasmid.The pellet of cells was then resume need using a pipette and vortex mixer. This allows for a XX concentration to be obtained. After ranching, the four plates were incubated crown down (oernight at 370 C) in a microbial incubator. Following incubation each plate was placed upside down n a IV box and photographed. Restriction Analysis In restriction analysis, two restriction enzyme digestion reactions (one raspy b Y enzyme, one cut by enzyme) occurred for each of the two DNA samples (nonresistant and non page 6 fluorescent, resistant and inflorescent, and resistant and fluorescent).For the uncut samples, components were added in the following order Pl XIX Buffer ( supplied by environment by life technologies containing 100 mm Trisect, pH 7. 5 100 mm Magical mm Theoretical 500 mm Nasal), 1 Pl Water, and 5 Pl DNA For the uncut samples, components were e added in the allowing order Pl XIX Buffer, Pl Water, pi DNA, and III Handbill NZ. (sup plied by invitation by life technologies). After all components were added they were mixed by overexerting and peaceful at the bottom of the tubes by using the microelectronic gem The tubes were then incubated for 30 minutes at 37 co.Following incubation, Pl of XIX loading g pilot burner (1% (w/v) SD (sodium decoded sulfate) 50% (v/v) glycerol 0. 05% (w/ v) bronchiole blue) was added to each tube. The samples were mixed by overexerting and collected at the e bottom of the tubes using the microelectronic- Agrees gel electrophoresis was prepared by ding Pl of 1 KGB plus ladder ( supplied by environment by life technologies) into the first and final well. 12. Pl of each sample was then loaded into remaining surface on the gel and the electro prioress was run for 1 hour at 1 VIVO.The gels were then placed in a IV box and photographed. utilise the photo of the gel, the genotypes of each sample were verified. This was done by finding the size of fragments through comparison with the DNA standard ladder. Gene Expression TO allow for reflection Of phenotypes gene expression, bacteria were transfer erred to three types of media inducing, introducing, and repressing. Five plates were used LB,Amp, LB/Marry, LB/Amp/AR/Glue 0. 2%, LB/Amp/AR/Glue 0. 5%, LB/ Amp/AR/Glue 2% (xx).On each plate, bacteria with empty plasmids and therefore no GAP gene for dredge essence were spread on one half, and bacteria with plasmids containing the GAP insert were e transferred to the Page 7 other. Both of these types of cells came from a master plate. Using a sterile to toothpick, each type of bacteria was patched in the appropriate area of each plate. GAP+ bacteria w ere patched in a + shape, maculation GAP bacteria were patched in a shape. Plates were labeled properly and Leary and were placed Poseidon in a ICC incubator overnight.Plates were e observed for fluorescent bacteria on the IV transformational box after 24 hours, after 72 h ours, and again after 96 hours. Page 8 RESULTS Bacterial variation In order to investigate GAP gene expression, it was first necessary to obtain co pies of the DNA of interest through bacterial transformation, which allowed for plasmid ( and sometimes GAP) uptake by numerous bacterium. Phenotypes results from this procedure can suggest possible genotypes. Transformation plates that were prepared after heat shoo KC transformation can be Seen in Figure 2.Individual colonies were visible on each AMP+ plate, while a lawn of bacteria had formed on the AMP plate and single colonies were not discern enable. Under IV light, fluorescence was observed in those colonies expressing the GAP gene. If guru E highlights the di fference observed between glowing and knowing bacterial colonies. The part of colonies that appear fluorescent and are assumed to be GAP+ is noted in Table e 1 along with complete results of this bacterial transformation (4).Structural Analysis by Restriction Analysis and Gel Electrophoresis TO confirm the structure Of DNA plasmid genotypes, samples were run through h gel electrophoresis after being treated with a restriction enzyme specific for cleave ins the gene of interest (GAP). Standards were run along with each of the components on the electrophoresis gel. In order to determine size in base pairs of fragments of interest, a graph of the e relationship between the size and migration of the bands in the 1 KGB plus DNA Ladder was assembled (Figure 4), and a line of best fit was determined.The relationship between the base 1 O log of size and migration is linear, and graphing them together gave a apparent movement line with an ex. action useful in determining the size of experi mental fragments with known migration values. These were the fragments obtained by cleaving the plasmids with the Handbill restriction enzyme. Table 2 page 9 organizes the sizes and migration distances for the fragments of the standard included during electrophoresis. These values were used to construct the calibration curve m mentioned before (Figure 4).Figure 3 shows the agrees gel obtained by gel electrophoresis. Ta able 3 lists all sizes determined based on comparison with the calibration curve generated from migration standards (Figure 4). Sizes are noted for both the vector and the insert (4). Analysis of reporter Gene Expression Investigation of gene regulation and interaction of environmental rabbinate a ND/or glucose with genotype required GAP+ cells to be spread on various plates, an d fluorescence to be observed over time.Table 4 summarizes the observations of the phenotype o f patches streaked onto AMP plates containing or lacking rabbinate and/ or glucose. refulgency p atches suggest expression of the GAP gene. Observations show that the rabbinate sample pop site for the GAP insert fluoresced brightly as time went on. The sample with rabbinate and 0. 2 % glucose to a greater extent and more fluoresced over time, while plates higher in percentage glucose c imposition did not fluoresce. Cells that were GAP were also spread in order to serve as a surrogate et marker.These cells do not contain the gene for GAP, so they will not fluoresce under IV light . This gives a comparison, do it easier to determine if cells are expressing GAP fluoresce once or not page 10 DISCUSSION Regulation of Gene Expression The samples that were grown with rabbinate, inclining, and varying amounts of glucose showed that the presence of glucose in a bacteriums surrounding environment NT can affect the ability of its rabbinate bad promoter. The plate with no glucose added flour cede brightly, while the plates with glucose added showed very(prenominal) little to no fluoresc ence.The only plate with glucose added that fluoresced in the end was the plate with the least glucose added These results are due to the glucose inhibiting the rabbinate Oberon from trap inscribing the bad promoter DNA. When glucose is present in a bacterium, the cell metal likes the glucose instead of the rabbinate, and the rabbinate Oberon is not utilized. However, when the cell is lacking glucose, it reaches a state of hunger and begins producing cyclic adenosine Mephistopheles (CAMP). This reacts with the CAMP receptor protein (CROP), who chi allows the cell to use rabbinate to induce the transcription of the rabbinate bad prom otter.This promoter contains the genes Arab area , and award, which are part of the rabbinate Oberon. This system can only function if rabbinate is present in the cell otherwise the gene arc will prevent the rabbinate Oberon from carrying out transcription by forming a knot, or loop in the DNA The rabbinate bad promoter reacts with the GAP gene to show w hen the Arabian SSE Oberon is in use and how strongly it is induced by rabbinate (5). The plate with the least glucose added began to glow over time, as the cell be an using up the glucose in its environment by metabolize it for energy.It started to FL recurrences dully once the concentration of glucose was not high enough to fully repress the AR baboons Oberon, showing that there is a range of repression and induction, not just a state of on and off for page 11 these function. The more the bacteria used the glucose, the less of it was arrow ND to repress the Oberon, which is why its fluorescence strength grew over time. If the study WA s to be continued gone the 96 hour mark, all of the plates would have eventually fluoresced as t hey used up their loses resources and began activating the rabbinate Oberon (4).

Success Through a Foreign Language

SUCCESS THROUGH A FOREIGN LANGUAGE These atomic number 18 a couple of readings that I take aim been asked to do for our friends from Russia who visited with us as a part of the Children of Chernobyl Program. Im waiver to read a short selection from a motivational book called Insight. This particular reading has to do with the importance of understanding and using exotic lyrics that top executive be appropriate to the Russian students, because, certainly, were living in a world that is pop offting smaller and smaller and were going to sustain to be able to communicate in to a greater extent than one words if we argon going to be successful.The second reading is from its the runner chapter of a book by Jane Carlson who is the President of S toilettedinavian Airlines. Its called Moments of Truth and it is a handbook, or manual, for people who argon interested in doing a better rent out of customer service. Scandinavian Airlines has a great reputation for wonderful customer se rvice. Those be the two readings. The first one is called Success through a Foreign Language. Every year an industrial manufacturer in Virginia grudgingly shells out the cash to head two employees to a voice communication school to learn French.The employees have the technical and managerial abilities for the job but they lack the necessary opposed style skills. The entrust of paying for the contrasted wording training of other(a)wise qualified employees is common among many employers. Increasingly, however, employers are blocking this extra expense by emphasizing the requirement for unusual row skills during the hiring process. Richard Moore, Vice-President of the Arlington-Virginia Branch of John and Snow Incorporated, a public health consulting inviolable, admits that he gives preference to people who know a foreign linguistic communication, even if the language isnt required for their job.This new trend toward emphasizing foreign language skills is go-ahead doors for many individuals who have risen to the challenge. When they are seeking a new job or advancement at their current company, bilingual and multilingual individuals often have the competitive edge. In fact, in nigh cases, the need for foreign language speakers is so great that companies go to the language departments, rather than the business departments, of universities, to recruit upcoming graduates.For example, recently 30 Boston University students from the Schools Spanish Program were recruited for jobs in Venezuela. This doesnt designate that you must have a foreign language major to benefit professionally. In fact, despite popular belief, in a business situation, you dont even have to be fluent in a foreign language. According to Lorraine Smith, President of the Language Exchange in Washington, D. C, even knowing a curt of a foreign language puts a foreign individual at ease, and consequently, increases the communication and negotiation potential of the situation.Smith po ints out that from both the foreigners and your supervisors prospective any level of a foreign language proficiency shows a small-arm more of a commitment to the client and to your business. More than 50 % of the students at the Language Exchange are learning a foreign language for their careers. More than 75 % of the students studying Russian, Spanish or French cite career success as their language learning incentive. However, at the University level, the number of individuals learning a language for career success is much smaller.According to Professor Jeff Delusio this is because younger students expect others will know English. only if the Survey Business Person knows that this isnt always true and even when it is the case, by relying on anothers language abilities you are abdicating control of the situation. Robert Taylor, President and Co-Founder of Taylor Associates International, Washington, D. C, based Health-care management consulting firm that operates primarily in fore ign countries, finds that in his dealings in countries in the Middle East and the South Pacific relying on the natives English is problematic for other reasons as well.We are unable to ask questions in the way we truly intend, he says. In addition, its difficult to pick up subtleties of communication. Taylor hasnt found the use of interpreters to be the answer in these situations either. In fact, most linguists and business people agree with him that the potential for miscommunication is great when using interpreters. Not only have most foreign interpreters learnt British English, but also they are often faced with time constraints in order to keep the conversation flowing.As a result, they tend to encapsulate their translations opening the door for more errors. Having an edge in the international market place means meeting its language needs and staying current with the global changes. Currently, Taylor Associates lacks French and Spanish speakers a fact that has lost it valuable business opportunities in several rapidly developing foreign markets. For example, without French-speaking employees the doors have been closed to the company in the countries of North Africa where theres a strong market for health systems analysts.Similarly, lacking Spanish-speaking employees, Taylor Associates has lost out in Latin America where public health systems are developing at a swift rate. John Snow, on the other hand, owes much of its success to a ready supply of foreign language speakers. The companys faction of expertise in the growing field of public health and the Spanish and French-speaking employees has allowed it to bring its business to approximately 30 countries. Some professional areas have stronger language needs than others, and for certain languages all of the others.For instance, Japanese, Chinese and other Asian languages are in high demand in sales, marketing and trade specialties. And Spanish speakers are needed in development agencies, health-care prof essions and environmental organizations. With the end of the cold war, Russian and German have become the two fastest-growing foreign languages studied in America. Generally, Russian and German, along with other languages spoken in Eastern European countries, are in great demand in areas of economics and policy consulting by governments, research institutions and large American corporations eager to enter this new market.The Eurasia Foundation in Washington, D. C, a newly-established and independent Government-supported organization, arranges grants for economic and democratic reform in the former Soviet Union. Russian and other Newly Independent State Languages are in demand both for employees of the organization and for recipients of its grants, including the United States and other Western non-profit organizations and businesses. Jim Casual, programme officer at Eurasia Foundation, sees a dramatic fruit in private intentness in these countries and predicts it will only get be tter.With this upswing in private industry is the need for the Western know-how and assistance, and he says, people who know Russian and N. I. S. Languages have a huge advantage. Foreign language abilities can turn into professional growth in the European Community as well. Currently, French is most commonly used among policy-makers, since the organization is headquartered in Brussels. However, French is not the official language of the European Community. Actually, according to Allan Cuckoff, Spokesman for the European Community delegation in Washington D. C. , there are nine official languages.As a result, the European Community relies heavily on translators. In fact, language translation itself has become a large-growth industry there. Because there is miniscule incentive for policy-makers to learn English, the English speaker who knows another language has an edge. In addition to career success, there are numerous personal benefits in learning a foreign language. For example, t he process of learning a foreign language flexes your creative muscle. As you know, the more you exercise your creativity, the more creative you become. Your memory, particularly long-term memory, gets a good workout.In language learning we discover a junto of memory training techniques suitable to your needs, much(prenominal) as word association and rhyming patterns. These techniques can be applied successfully to other situations as well, such as remembering peoples names and memorizing vital business statistics. Youll feel more confident when communicating because your interpersonal skills will grow no matter which language is used to converse. You become more open to new cultures and places. Language and culture are inseparable, leading many to see language learning as a form of diversity training.Within the United States, Spanish is the fastest-growing language, and speaking Spanish is a great way to demonstrate your awareness of and sensitivity to the diversities in your nat ions population. Before you receive to study a foreign language, develop a successful attitude. Exorcise those ghosts from embarrassing high-school language classes. Many modern language classes are small and interactive, allowing little room for inhibitions. Whether youre in a classroom or teaching yourself, self-confidence is a key. And remember foreign language learning, especially your first one, is work.Success at it requires radiation pattern and patience, in addition to the constant reminders that you CAN do it. Before tackling a foreign language, also ask yourself the following four questions 1. How will this help me in my career? 2. How will this help me in my personal development? 3. How much of this language do I really need to know? 4. How much of this language do I already know? Your answers to the first two questions should be your goals and your incentives. Dont forget them. The third question is crucial to setting a realistic language goal.If you need to learn Russ ian or Spanish only for business meetings, focus your attention on the spoken language and steer clear of excess areas, such as historical verb tenses found only in literature. You wont need to know them, and consequently, you wont enjoy learning them. The last question, that is How much of this language do I already know? , will help you realize that you probably already have some of the language under your belt, even if its just a little bit. Knowing uno, due, tres and the names of your favorite Mexican foods is a warm-up for Spanish.Next recall how Spanish speakers pronounce these common words. For languages such as Japanese, the search for words might be a little more difficult. Instead, start with names, such as Kawasaki or Mitsubishi. Do you hear a pattern? Yes, they are all four-syllable names. promptly that you are in the right frame of mind, here are some tips for learning process. Avoid crash courses. Crash courses often teach also much, too quickly not allowing the bra in to absorb the beginning lessons before the later ones are taught. Language learning is incremental.You have to understand the beginning before going on to the middle. Listen to audio cassettes for pronunciation and cadence, but be warned, some audio cassettes merely have you repeat phrases. This method does not help you contain what youve learned. Look for interactive audio programs that encourage you to answer questions and think in the language. Listen to foreign wireless. In most areas there are radio programs and some times entire stations in a foreign language. If you have difficulty finding one of these, inquire at your local public radio station. Watch videos in a foreign language.Whether they are for learning or for pleasure, videos provide a great way to hear the language in the condition of natural conversation. Full-length films are loaded with idioms, hand gestures and other cultural and language specific characteristics. When you read in a language, dont try to un derstand everything. You ought to avoid dictionary dependence. Certainly, you didnt use a dictionary to learn your native language. Instead, skim and read what you can. By going for the gist of the piece youll enjoy reading more and progress faster. Newspapers and magazines are fantastic vocabulary builders, because you will find plenty of ontextual clues in the pictures and the topics will probably be ones youve already read about in English. Seek out native speakers. If you are unable to visit the country where the language is spoken, find native speakers in your area with whom you can converse. You can get in touch with them through colleges, consulates and cultural centres. Mimic foreigners speaking English as well as their native language. Some teachers start their beginner foreign language classes by having the students imitate foreigners speaking English. It helps the students in their pronunciation of the foreign language.Dont get bored down analyzing the language. Practice is the key to learning a foreign language rather than spending weeks memorizing every form of every verb tense. Practise with the vocabulary you have. The more you converse, the quicker the missing pieces of your vocabulary will fall into place. And, finally, release new vocabulary words and phrases on index cards with the English translation on the back. Index cards easily fit it the coat pockets and handbags and can be pulled out and studied just about anywhere. A few tips on the importance of how you go about learning a little bit about a foreign language.

Criticisms in “In the Penal Colony” Essay

The antediluvian apparatus and ancient legal system in Kafkas In the Penal Colony describes the certain state of humanity in the colonial era. Through the use, along with the circumstances surrounding the machine, Kafka portrays slavery and colonialism in the world and the consequences of failing to abolish such ways.The batch of the colony are represented by the Soldier, the Officer, the Explorer, the Condemned man, and the commanding officer. By giving them these names, Kafka has essentially dehumanized them very more identical those who have been condemned to working in penal colonies they only have functions, not names. The harsh bureaucratic ways of the colony can be seen through the punishments hand out as told by the Officer who ismuch more interested in the technicalities of the execution than the niceties of legal procedure. The actual execution is to be carried out by a tangled apparatus designed by the former Commandant of the penal colony and maintained by the Of ficer. The machine tortures the condemned man in a process that brutally mimics and transforms the sexual act. The condemned man is bindped naked onto something akin to a bed and the top part of the apparatus, a set of knife-like needles, automatically descends, piercing his be and excreting a fluid that inscribes the sentence upon his flesh. For the first six hours of the writing process, the condemned man suffers only pain (149) but as the needles pierce his internal variety meat more deeply, he achieves a form of enlightenment that culminates in death. (Kohn 5)The way in which the punishment is filtered through the legal system of the penal colony is also rather questionable. The Officer says, I have been appointed judge in this penal colony(145) and uses his principle ofGuilt is never to be doubted. Other courts cannot accompany that principle, for they consist of several opinions and have higher courts to scrutinize them. That is not the case here, or at least, it was not the case in the former Commandants time.(145)to rule over his judgments. For the condemned man, he has no chance to defend himself and prove his innocence by virtue of the system in place. They are always sledding to be found guilty for the sake of being guilty so they can have an execution take place and bring some form of grotesque excitement where, hundreds of spectatorsall of them standing on tiptoe(153) could bear witness to them.Aside from the archaic methods of criminal procedures, Kafka also presents the reliance on antediluvial technology through this work in the presentation of execution machine to portray the costs associated with running a penal colony for slave jab during his time. We first get a glimpse of the harsh realities of the machine and the cost to upkeep it when the soldier breaks the wrist strap and the Officer says, This is a very complex machine, it cant be service of processed that things are breaking or giving way here and there but one must not ther eby allow oneself to be diverted in ones general judgment(151). He continues sayingthe resources for maintaining the machine are now very much reduced. Under the former Commandant I had free access to a sum of money set aside entirely for this purpose. There was a store, too, in which spare parts were kept for repairs of all kinds. (151)Now he has taken charge of the machine money himself, and if I send for a new strap they ask for the broken old strap as evidence, and the new strap takes ten days to appear and then is of shoddy material and not much good. (151)There was an entire store dedicated solely to maintaining the machine it much like penal colonies were such a hindrance on the economies of the nations that controlled and maintained them.As the story progresses, we can see how the ways of the penal colony are being phased out when we hear the Officer tell the Explorertheres no time to lose, an attack of some kind is impending on my function as judge conferences are already b eing held in the Commandants office from which I am excluded even your coming here today seems to me a significant move they are cowards and use you as a screen, you, a stranger.(153)The Officer views the Explorer with a great deal of clout believing he can restore the penal colony to the greatness that it erst enjoyed. However, the Explorer knows the harsh realities of the colony and refuses to play along with Officer to help him bring the colony back to its previous state. alternatively we see the Explorer as, a kind of outsider,(157) a change in attitudes throughout the world looking in on the colony. The Officer finally realizes that the Explorer is not there to help him restore what once was, and he submits himself to his own machine. As the machine is inscribing be just into his body, it fails due to its complex nature and failing state, much like the failing state of the colony, and kills him. Through close readings of In the Penal Colony, we gain an insight as to what Kafka was trying to accomplish with this work. His nation, Germany, as well as many others in the world at the time had undertaken colonialism and establishing penal colonies to better their nations. However, Kafka illustrates the failing nature of these establishments through their rudimentary justice systems and monetary reliance on the host nations economies. Instead of bettering society through what was being provided by the slave labor, the social order of the world was being torn apart keeping them afloat.Works CitedKohn, Margaret. Kafkas limited review of Colonialism. Theory & Event. 8.3 (2005) 5. Print.

Abortion: Murder or Necessity

Abortion Murder or Necessity Abortion is be as the termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo before it is viable. An abortion plenty occur spontaneously, in which case it is usually called a miscarriage, or it can be purposely induced. Abortion, when induced in accordance with the local law, is among the safest procedures in medicine. However, unsafe abortions (those performed by persons without proper training or outside of a medical environment) result in approximately 70 thousand deaths and 5 million disabilities per category globally each year, with 20 million of those performed unsafely.Life begins at conception which forms an unborn child (or fetus). Abortion is an intentional violent come that kills an unborn baby, without every anesthesia, the baby is dismembered, torn aside, and vacuumed out of the m different. Dr. Micheline M. Mathews-Roth, Harvard Medical School, referenced medical textbooks that claimed that valet life begins at conception. Dr. Jerome Lejeune, the Father of Modern Genetics, stated, To accept the fact that after saturation has taken place, a new human has come into being is no longer a matter of taste or opinion t is ostensible experimental evidence. During pregnancy, fifty-fifty though you feel nothing, your baby is kicking clenching his fists, curling and fanning his toes, and is generally very active and comfortable inside you. In the past few years, medical research has shown that unborn babies can feel pain. Dr. H. M. Liley, the leading authority on the study of babies before birth, stated, When doctors first began invading the sanctuary of the womb, they did not have intercourse that the unborn baby would react to pain in the same fashion as a child would. But they soon learned that he would. angiotensin converting enzyme believes that every fertilized egg is a sentient human person abortion would be horrific, tragic, and lethal. But it would be no more murderous than any other kind of accidental death. During abortion, doctors or abortionist (the person who performs the operation), uses long cylindrical rods. Starting from the smallest and moving up in size, he inserts them into your cervical opening, stretching it as he progresses. When the cervix is open wide enough, he will put a hollow plastic tube, with a jab-like edge on its tip, through your cervix up into your uterus.The suction it creates is 29 times more powerful than a vacuum cleaner. It tears the babys body into pieces, and sucks it through the tube into a canister. The knife edge is used to cut the deeply rooted placenta from the uterine wall. The remains of the now-dead infant are then pulled out. Abortion is a tragedy not simply for the unborn who will never experience life but for the mother also. What motivates an abortionist? What must they think as they slash and tear a baby apart or plunge a knife into its neck? Somehow, abortionists have become callused to the reality of their actions.Like Shakespeares Macbeth, they have blood on their hands, and it cannot be washed off. umpteen people have become apathetic about abortion. Since they have already been born, abortion is no threat to them personally. Why should they care about someone elses baby? If there is any lesson to be learnt, it is that we should value and protect innocent human life even if it is not our own. Abortion is an intentional violent act that kills an unborn baby, without any anesthesia, the baby is dismembered, torn apart, and vacuumed out of the mother.Life begins at conception which forms an unborn child (or fetus). The unborn childs DNA is that of an individual human being, obvious from its mother despite being naturally within and attached through an umbilical. Abortion, as defined above, is the mothers (and/or join parents) decision to terminate the life of the unborn child. each human being willfully taking the life of another human being (or ordering their death, such as h iring a hit man or in the case of abortion telling a doctor to perform an abortion) is committing a murder.Rarely do people breach from giving birth. Many more die as a result of complications after an abortion. But the bottom line is that the child is innocent of any crime, so why punish it? It is a human being of intrinsic value. Ones not saying it is an easy choice and can certainly sympathize with those who have had to make it. Perhaps they even made the wrong choice. But, God is a loving and forgiving God, who can even forgive murder which

Cinderella Story Essay

Elisabeth Panttaja states that the mother role in all the Cinderellas has a wide solution on the fairytales. In the article, Panttaja analyzes the Cinderella myth from the Grimms brothers perspective, along with other Cinderella myths. One topic Panttaja mentions is, Indeed, Cinderellas mothers role is far from marginal the words and actions of Cinderellas mother are of vital importance.Panttaja suggests that even though Cinderellas mother is not a main character in the story, she is the reason Cinderella does intercept up having a bright ending. This part is overlooked when reading fairytales Cinderellas mother is the whole reason why she has to keep striving to achieve the happy ending. Even though Cinderellas mother appears to die in the Grimms version of Cinderella, her spirit lives on in relation to the tree, and the twain birds. As Panttaja says, But is she very motherless?Not really, since the twig that she plants on her mothers grave grows into a tree that takes care of her, just as her mother promised to do. through erupt the story the mother guides Cinderella by showing up in different forms of life and magically making Cinderella look beautiful for the ball. Cinderella uses this to her advantage, for example, when the two pigeons pluck out the evil stepsisters eyes in the end of the story. The happy ending proves that it is the mother, after all, who has been the power of the story (Panttaja).This quote shows that Cinderellas mother direct her throughout the story without actually being alive in person. Later in Panttajas article, she explains that Cinderellas stepmother and her real mother are much alike. These two women share the same devotion to their daughters and the same long-term goals each mother wants to ensure a future of power and prestige for her daughter, and each is willing to lapse to extreme measures to achieve her aim (Panttaja). Panttaja suggests that the two mothers are competing to marry off their daughters and provide them with a happy ending.In the end, Cinderellas mother wins because Cinderella marries the prince who is noble. Another discover point that Panttaja summarizes about is the fact that the fairytales make us think that Cinderella loves the prince, but in reality the readings never seem to mention anything about love. The prince marries Cinderella because he is delight by the sight of her in her magical clothes (Panttaja). The prince never seems to care about the love from Cinderella, just that she is beautiful in the dress that her mother do magically appear.All in all, Panttaja states everything goes back to the moral of the magical mothers powers. In the end, Panttaja explains how the Cinderella legacy goes on to show how siblings compete to be better than one another, and Cinderella shows this in the most extreme form (Panttaja). Panttaja also goes on to explain how Cinderella is not the girl everyone always imagines.

Essay on the importance of education Essay

The term tuition is derived from Latin, word educere, educare and educatum which bastardlys to to let out , to know and to lead out. Education is the process of receiving or boastful systematic instruction, especially at a school or university a course of fosteringal activity, the theory and blueprint of teaching. A body of cognition acquired while being educated. In some occasions I would psycheally say that I am not always learning, this can be caused by lack of think teacher being absentminded cover teachers teacher being unable to teach the plain soundly destructive students or no interest in a topic. French is a pleasant subject to learn as it comprises a portion outof active and team work which requires a lot of studying and patience.During the layover of exams, later on the month of May 2012, I found myself talking and disrupting the class (due to the lack of focus) which was one(a) as French was one of my strongest subjects and a few in which I enjoyed. The rea son for this was that my teacher was absent and we had a cover teacher which I imminently then thought that I had the privilege to clutch about for there will be no consequences but I was wrongThe only person this affected was me myself and this caused me into failing French with an E. One day in my Science class around mid(prenominal) March, we were studying momentum and I found myself tuned in with the lesson (which doesnt happen often) and was fully focused which resulted to up(a) my understanding of the topic and Iaccumulated more information about it. The reason being was that the lesson was a mixture of working active learning and theoretical learning. This made me to enjoy, realise fun and partake in the lesson. I authentically did learn a lot despite my weakness and hatred for science. Education is life itselfSome passel would agree with the statement that education is life itself and utter that education is the most powerful weapon and the list to success. Referring to the bible in Ecclesiastes712 For the protection of wisdom is like the protection of money and the advantage of knowledge is that wisdom preserves the life of him who has it. This quote may suggest that the survival of one may regard upon their knowledge. Being educated is an advantage in life so therefore we should cherish and preserve it as we would protect money. On the other hand, other people may disagree with this statement and say that education isnt life itself for some people are not well educated but have managed to plow successful,people such asAbraham Lincoln, John D. Rockefeller, Amancio Ortega Gaona and many more.This comes to show that knowledge isnt just the grace on a paper (degree) but can be physical and specialized skills. Also other unfortunate people mostly in LEDCs (less economically developed countries) such as Egypt, Mali, Haiti, Ghana,Ukraine, Libya, Vietnametc but does this mean that due to lack of being educated results to individuals from these cou ntries to not be successful ?Of course not. Finally, in my impression I think that education is very beneficial to all. From my personally experience I would say that support does in fact educate me, why? In the past I made mistakes that I had to learn from such as revising a week before an exam to major mistake as forbidden sins from the bible (The 10 commandments) but thats alright because life never came with instructions.We all came to learn, to overcome and to succeed. Robert M. Hutchins aforementioned Education is not to reform students or amuse them or to situate them expert technicians. It is to derange their minds widen their horizons inflame their intellects teach them to think straight. If possible sowhy is it that the older generation put a lot of pressure on the younger generation in other words the youths to study hard to become doctors and lawyers? We cannot all be doctors and lawyers for God gave each individual a conscious to help us make right and wrong decisio ns and to follow our hearts. Education is life itself some would say, but I say education is a high light to life the key to success. Victor Hugo He who opens a school door, closes a prison.

Child Rearing Practices

Every aspect of ones spiritedness has a distinct effect on his well being. This aspect can possibly be from emotional, environmental, physical, to accessible aspects of life. Family is connected and a part of each aspect, hence why the family can never be excluded in everyones life. Looking more into the influences of the smallest unit of the society, in that location are many factors that contribute to the impact brought by this agent that seeks for attention. One of these factors that affect an individuals personality is the way his parents raise him up.Parenting in the ahead of time years is an exciting but challenging time, it is never an easy depute. Parenting refers to the aspects of raising a kid away from the biological resemblanceship, it dwells on how a parent or a guardian in roughly cases brought up a child providing his needs, ensuring safety, disciplining, showing love and affection. Parenting in simple words is guiding and supporting your child into an outsta nding life until he is old and capable enough to do it by himself. How is Parenting Usually Occurs at present in Terms of Disciplinary Strategies?The rapid phase of time is slowly changing the customary and button-down practices of raising a child inside a Filipino family. Base from what the elders often told the youngsters, the way of breeding they had experienced during their childhood into adulthood life was a thousand times stark compare to what the genesis as of today undergo. Looking back to the time of our grandparents, the way their own parents raise them was too passee and superstitious. According to some old folks their parents normally have set rules that once a unity one is broken will immediately result to a punishment for them to learn from and re genus Phallus.An old brothel keeper said that in their household her father used to set a rule that requires every member of the family particularly the children will have to do their designated chores, and if forgotte n or neglected they will receive quin to ten times hit on their hands using a very thin stick. Since there is no law against such action back that time, it was a norm to have rules with assigned punishments in a regular Filipino threshold. At the present day, laws against violence are widely implemented edition people to cause physical pain or assault.From each respondent of the parenting interview conducted, there are still rules being enforced in every household. Only that these rules are what can be called fundamental frequency or basic rules such as asking permission before leaving, attending to their household task (if they have), the usual sleeping and curfew time for the younger children, prioritizing studies all the time, etc. According to a grandfather whom stands as a guardian to his daughters children, these kind of rules have to be enforced to ensure their safety, health, and also as an opportunity to train the younger children on following rules.However, when asked t o rate themselves on a shell of one to ten of how strict they are towards their children (ten being very strict), majority of the respondents appear to be at large(p) to their children giving five, six and seven as the highest rate. They claimed that they dont have to be very strict towards their kids because they already know what the consequences are awaiting for them and simply because adults pose as a good example to them.In relation with the strictness of parents, the rules, and the suitable punishments, parents were asked how they discipline their children once they commit a mistake or break a rule. A working parent and mother of two teenage boys said that if a mistake was committed, she usually ask them to sit, explain what was wrong of their action, lecturing them why is it inappropriate and should be avoided and last, remind them to never do it again. Majority of the parents said that pinapagalitan sa una at saka pagsasabihan are what they often do to handle their childre ns misbehaviours and discipline them.While some says that it takes a little threatening of taking away things like cell phone or decrease allowance for them to think twice before repeating the same mistake. Spanking Some parents claimed that although they strongly resist of spanking or any other cause of physical pain as a method acting of discipline, there are times where physical act cannot be avoided because of several reasons. For instance is during times where in the parent worries to much about the safety of his child due to leaving without permission, resulting to releasing anger through and through spanking.A widow said that minsan talaga hindi rin maiiwasan na makasakit ka (e. g. kurot) dahil hindi makontrol ang emosyon mo gaya sa mga panahon na marami kang iniisip o problema tapos nadagdagan pa ng pag-aalala sa anak mo. Although some physical act cannot be avoided sometimes, parents do not recommend this type of corrective method and as much as possible according to them should be avoided because it will only process trauma, fear, and might drive the child into violence.Child- Rearing Practices for Warmth and Nurturance All dimensions of maternal and paternal nurturing and involvement were positively related to positive characteristics of peer relationships, self-esteem and life satisfaction (Rohner, Khalique, & Cournoyer, 2005). Through nurturance of parents, children develops a sense of protection that enables them to grow up with confidence and which serves as their foundation in life.

Marie Curie

She discovered the mysterious element radium. It opened the door to deep changes In the e government agency scientists think about matter and energy. She also led the way to a refreshed era for health check Knowles edge and the treatment of diseases-curie became the first cleaning woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only y woman to win the award In two different fields (physics and chemistry).Curies efforts, with her hush band Pierre Curie, human action to the discovery of polonium and radium and, after Pierces death, the developed NT of Grays. She was fascinated with the work of Henry Becquerel, a French physicals who discovered t hat uranium casts off rays, weaker rays than the grays found by Wilhelm Roentgen. Curie took Becquerels work a few steps further, conducting her own experiments on uranium rays. She discovered that the rays remained constant, no matter the condition or form of the our annum.The rays, he theorized, came from the elements atomic structure. This revolutio nary idea cream Ted the field of atomic physics and Curie herself coined the word radioactivity to describe the phone mean. Working with the mineral pitchblende, the pair discovered a new radioactive element in 1898. They named the element polonium. They also detected the presence of another radioactive strong I n the pitchblende, and called that radium.In 1902, the Curies announced that they had produced a decide ram of pure radium, demonstrating its existence as a unique chemical element. With their Nobel Prize win, the Curies developed an international reputation for their scientific efforts, and they used their prize gold to continue their research. Curie received another great honor In 1911, winning her sec gesticulate Nobel Prize, this time In chemistry. She was selected for her discovery of radium and polonium, a ND became the first scientist to win two Nobel Prizes.

Media and Society in Relation to Newspapers as a Form of News Media

STUDENT I. D 383155 NAME EFETURI EMAKPORE MODULE MEDIA AND SOCIETY subject bea MEDIA AND SOCIETY WITH RELATION TO NEWSPAPERS AS A FORM OF NEWS MEDIA DATE 10 DECEMBER 2009 adit In this investigate paper, I am going to talk broadly on my actualizeing, after doing entirely research, of media and its act in the society with relation to wordpapers as an important and integral form of discussion media in the society. I will make believe a brief but concise introduction of compositions in general. I will talk rough the importance of compositions to the society and how over the years, it has enforced itself on the society and how it has achieved that.I will see whether theories much(prenominal) as the Hypodermic acerate leaf Model and Public Sphere theories low life be applied when focusing on newspapers. In addition, I will talk ab out Bignell, J (1997) and his views on Media Semiotics concerning newspapers. In addition, to conclude this research paper, I will give a expatia te explanation on what I believe should be the role of newspapers as a form of news media to the society. Whether they fuck off achieved wholly that society expects from them, or, they ar yet to attain that maximum point of satisf exercise from the society.Lastly, I will talk about the depth in which newspapers are actu on the wholey influencing the society and how they can back up in changing the views of the masses in that locationby helping to shape up the society to becoming a more than absolute one. INTRODUCTION TO NEWSPAPERS A newspaper, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is said to be a printed overtation, promptly usually issued daily or every week, consisting of folded unstapled sheets and containing news, frequently with the addition of advertisements, photographs, articles, and correspondence the organization or office issue such a worldation. A wide variety of material has been print in newspapers, including editorial opinions, criticism, thinkin g and op-eds obituaries entertainment features such as crosswords, Sudoku and horoscopes weather news and forecasts advice, gossip, food and other columns critical reviews of movies, plays and restaurants classified ads reveal ads, editorial cartoons and comic strips. Newspapers are very essential to the society, over the former(prenominal) centuries hold in been relayed to the society in protestent ways, and have been evolving ever since.In the beginning, the first newspapers were more like authorities announcement bulletins and authorised by Julius Caesar. This heart and soul they were probably fully controlled by the government. This was in Ancient Rome and were called _Acta Diuma, they were carved in metal or stone and posted in unexclusive areas. Moveable type newspapers came during the modern era, at the beginning of the 17th century. However, the first officially recognised newspaper is that of Lohan Carolus Relation aller Furnemmen und gedenckwurdigen Historien___, p ublished in 1605 in Strasbourg.By the early 19th century, many an(prenominal) cities in Europe, as swell up as northerly and South America, published newspaper type publications and the contents were vastly shaped by variant views such as regional and cultural preferences. In addition, advances in printing technology related to the Industrial Revolution, enabled newspapers to lead an even more widely circulated means of communication. For example, in 1814, The Times (London) acquired a printing press candid of making a thousand impressions per minute. In newspaper takings, in that respect are antithetical categories of newspaper printed and published for reading.We have daily newspapers, which are issued every day close totimes with the exceptions of cheerdays and interior(a) holidays. There are weekly newspapers and these tend to be smaller than daily papers and in some cases, there are some papers published twice or ternion times a week. Then we have national newspape rs, which circulate nationwide. There is also a group of newspapers, which can be categorised as global newspapers. Some, such as The International Herald Tribune, have always had that focus, while others are repackaged national newspapers or international editions of national-scale or huge metropolitan newspapers.Often these international editions are scaled d deliver to reach articles that capability non interest the wider range of lectors. Lastly, with the introduction of the Internet, Web-based newspapers have started to be produced as online-only publications. Virtually all printed newspapers have online editions, which depending on the country may be regulated by journalism organizations such as the Press Complaints Commission in the UK. THEORIES INVOLVED IN NEWSPAPERS AS A FORM OF NEWS MEDIA THE sodium thiosulphate NEEDLE MODELThis theory, also k instantlyn as the hypodermic-syringe model, is a model of communication also usually referred to as the magic bullet perspect ive or the transmission-belt model. The essence of this model hols the fact that an intended pass is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver. However, this model is rooted in the 1930s _Behaviourism_ created by the Frankfurt School in German and is now considered by many to be obsolete. The Hypodermic Needle theory implied that mass media had a direct, immediate, and powerful effect on their audiences.The mass media in the 1940s and mid-fifties were perceived as a powerful persuade on behaviour change. Several factors contributed to this strong do theory of communication, including the fast rise and popularization of radio and television, the emergence of the persuasion industries, such as ad and propaganda, the Payne Fund studies of the 1930s, which foc employ on the impact of motion pictures on children, and Hitlers monopolization of the mass media during WWII to unify the German public behind the Nazi party.This view of propaganda took root after World War I and was championed by theorists such as Harold Lasswell in his pioneering work Propaganda Technique in the World War (1927). He argued that the wad had been duped and degraded by propaganda during the war. Lasswell based his work on a stimulus-response model rooted in reading theory. Focusing on mass effects, this approach viewed human responses to the media as uniform and immediate. E. D. Martin expressed this approach then Propaganda offers ready-made opinions for the unthinking herd (cited in Choukas, 1965, p. 5). The Magic Bullet or Hypodermic Needle possibleness of direct influence effects was not as widely accepted by scholars as many books on mass communication indicate. The magic bullet theory was not based on semiempirical findings from research but rather on assumptions of the time about human nature. People were assumed to be uniformly controlled by their biologically based instincts and that they react more or less uniformly to any(prenominal) stimuli came along (Lower y & DefFleur, 1995, p. 00). The phrasing hypodermic questle is meant to give a mental watch of the direct, strategic, and planned excerpt of a message into an individual. However, as research methodology became more highly developed, it became apparent that the media had selective influences on people. The most famous incident often cited as an example for the hypodermic needle model was the 1938 transport of The War of the Worlds and the subsequent reaction of widespread panic among its American mass audience.However, this incident actually sparked the research movement, led by Paul Lazarsfeld and Herta Herzog, which would disprove the magic bullet or hypodermic needle theory, as Hadley Cantril managed to show that reactions to the broadcast were, in fact, diverse, and were largely determined by situational and attitudinal attributes of the listeners. PUBLIC SPHERE THEORY The whim of the public field of study evolved during the Renaissance in Western Europe and the United Sta tes.This was brought on partially by merchants need for accurate study about distant markets as well as by the growth of state and individual liberty and popular sovereignty. The public vault of heaven was a place amongst private individuals and government authorities in which people could meet and have rational-critical debates about public matters. Discussions attendd as a equipoise to governmental authority and happened physically in face-to-face meetings in coffee houses and cafes and public squares as well as in the media in letters, books, drama, and art.Habermas saw a vibrant public firmament as a positive force keeping authorities inwardly bounds lest their rulings be ridiculed. In Habermasian theory, the bourgeois public sphere was preceded by a literary public sphere whose favoured genres revealed the interiority of the self and emphasized an audience-oriented subjectivity. Today, in contrast, there is scant public debate, few public forums, and political discussi on has degenerated from a fact-based rational-critical examination of public matters into a consumer commodity. There is the illusion of a public sphere, according to Habermas.Citizens have become consumers, investors, workers. Real news (information that helps unornamented people stay free) is being elbowed out by advice, soft porn, catchy garbage, celebrity antics, and has become infotainment, that is, a commodity competing in a mass entertainment market. It matters less whether news is right or wrong, and matters more whether it is gripping. Habermas sociological and philosophical work tries to explain how this transformation happened by examining a wide range of disciplines, including political theory, cultural criticism, ethics, gender studies, philosophy, sociology, istory, and media studies. The basic belief in public sphere theory is that political action is steered by the public sphere, and that the only legitimate governments are those that listen to the public sphere. De mocratic governance rests on the capacity of and opportunity for citizens to engage in enlightened debate. Much of the debate over the public sphere involves what is the basic theoretical structure of the public sphere, how information is deliberated in the public sphere, and what influence the public sphere has over society. abridgment OF THE HYPODERMIC NEEDLE MODEL AND PUBLIC SPHERE THEORIES IN RELATION TO NEWSPAPERS Firstly, I would like to speak about the Hypodermic Needle Model before I go on to talk about the Public Sphere theory. This theory can be linked with newspapers in concerning how it focuses on how news media influences the public in certain ways or directions and how it also has a direct, immediate, and powerful effect on the society. From what I have researched on the theory, it is clear to me that in earlier years, (the 1940s to the 1950s), newspapers were a grand influence on the society.This is emphasised in many distinct ways, which have been cited above. What was printed by newspapers in those times, whether positive or negative, was greatly accepted by the society. In fact, some theorists even claimed that people were being duped by the information being given in newspapers. in a flashadays however, the societys (though not everyone) views on information in newspapers are not wholly believed and in recent times, people have begun to question whether all written in the papers is a concentrated or a diluted version of the truth.Newspapers now have selective influences on people in the society as individuals have developed minds of their deliver especially since nowadays, newspapers are not so much controlled by the government as they utilise to be and some in subordinate newspapers give their own opinions of certain events while others are still a little(a) vague about passing judgment on equivalent events. Now, I will move on to the public sphere theory. This theory can also be directly applied to newspapers.From my research, I hav e been able to see that once again, public sphere was taken more seriously in past decades than it is nowadays. In those periods, the public sphere was seen as an integral part of news media and controlled the excesses of the government as a good government was seen to be one that paid attention to what the public sphere had to contribute to society. Then, the public sphere had a great influence on the society. Articles were printed regularly in newspapers concerning public matters and were written with a rational and critical fashion.Nowadays however, the society has lost touch with what the public sphere was truly about and now give in to whatever latest rumour is given out to them. The public sphere has been disregarded and has become a sort of illusion. (Habermas). There are hardly any honest public debates now, public forums have declined over the years, and sadly, political discussions have degenerated from a fact-based rational-critical examination of public matters into a co nsumer commodity.Now newspapers are competing against each other and now print only what they believe will sell and affix their customer range, rather than the important and crucial things that are going on in the society. THE SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF NEWSPAPERS In his book, _ Media Semiotics An Introduction,_ Bignell (1997), discusses the ways in which semiotic summary approaches newspaper as a medium. He considered the lingual signs used in newspapers, the ionic and other visual signs in newspapers, and the relationship between linguistic signs and visual signs in newspapers.The medium of the newspaper is particularly interesting as signifiers are presented simultaneously thusly offering a concrete display of signs which the reader can consume at his/her own pace and can also be re-read, as opposed to television or radio news which can only be watched or listened to at particular. A newspaper is not something that is middling change with facts, but it portrays news as commissio ns produced in language and other signs like photographs. A semiotic analysis will whence include discussions of the connotations of linguistic and visual signs used in news stories. Bignell (199779) The process of infusion is central to the production of all newspapers. This involves selecting events which are considered to be worthy of being printed as news, and excluding news which is considered to be irrelevant, insignificant or unworthy of news coverage. Thus news is a social construct dependent on what is deemed important by those who work in the news industry__ based on certain codes of behaviour, which have been learned by news workers in order to do their job. The codes of behaviour undoubtedly depend on the particular newspaper for which they are working.The reader comes to the newspaper with a set of codes with which to decode the text, and these codes may differ from individual to individual. This leads to the point that the text is open to a variety of interpretation s depending on the ideological standpoint of the reader, and whether the reader is familiar with the newspaper and the codes which it wages to communicate the news__ which it has selected. Connotations of the linguistic and visual signs that are presented by newspapers are central to the signification of the news item to the reader.The connotations of the news item are perceived within a coded framework and there are recognisable codes within different newspapers. It is clear that different newspapers use particular narrative codes when representing the same item of news. The headlines are linguistic syntagms, which aim to attract the attention of the reader to the event of the news story, and the linguistic signs that are diligent in the headline suggest to the reader the appropriate codes that are needed to understand or decode the news item. It is clear that the newspapers use different linguistic codes as a means of representing the news item.For example, and in further disc ussion and differentiation, we are going to be focusing on three major newspapers in the UK- _The Times, The Telegraph, _and The Sun. _The Times___ and _The Telegraph__ are similar in their use of language. However, twain differ dramatically with The Sun___. It is clear that The Sun uses orally based vocabulary, and dramatic and sensational language. Another drastic oddment between the newspapers representations of news items are the typographic devices used to break up the text.Again, _The Sun___ differs dramatically to _The Telegraph___ and _The Times___ using bold face text to start the article, serving to extend the role of the headline in attracting the attention of the reader to the topic of the news story. The use of bold and one word sub-headings which are employed throughout the text serve to direct the reader in making meaning of the text and make blatantly obvious the points which the newspaper deem to be of particular significance to the understanding of the news item . _The Telegraph___ and _The Times_ do not employ the same typographic codes as _The Sun___, apart from bold type which is used for the headline, and the bold type used to name the journalist/s of the article. The narrative of the news story uses the same type and size of vitrine throughout the item. Arguably, this connotes authority and formality to the reader, which is also demonstrated by the fairly long sentences, the plant spellings, and the neediness of colloquial language that is used in _The Sun___.This perhaps implies that the quality__ press such as _The Times__ and The Telegraph___ provide check news than tabloids such as _The Sun___. However, this kind of value judgement is inappropriate as both types of newspaper are constructions of the news with the quality newspapers aiming to connote authority and formality and the popular__ tabloids aiming to connote an attitude of telling it how it is. __ Thus, both types of representation of the news items present mythic meani ngs.Linguistic and typographic codes are not the only codes employed in newspapers. Graphic codes must also be considered. The photographs used in the newspapers have also undergone a process of selection. One image will be chosen over another as it connotes a message that the selectors of the photograph want to communicate. Barthes (cited in Bignell, 197798) suggests that the newspaper photograph is an object that has been worked on, chosen, composed, constructed, treat according to professional, esthetic or ideological norms which are so many factors of connotation. _ The treatment__ of photographs, which is referred to by Barthes can be seen in the different newspapers that I have chosen. Interestingly, each version of the news item has used the same photographs, but treated them differently according to the required connotation. Again, The Times and The Telegraph use similar codes and The Sun employs a drastically different strategy despite using the same original photographs. The most drastic difference is that The Sun presents the photographs in colour, connoting realism and the dangerousness of the offender.This is also connoted by the size of the photographs, with the graphic representation dominating a large proportion of the overall available space on the page, which is another drastic difference between The Suns representation of the news item and the other two newspapers. Despite these major differences, it is significant that the newspapers have all used the same photographs, and it is interesting to look at why these particular photographs might have been chosen.Paradigmatically, photographs involve connotations, and thus the significance of the particular photographs, which have been chosen, can be seen more clearly when considering what other paradigmatic connotations might have appeared in their place. As Bignell (199799) suggests, the caption underneath the picture enables the reader to load down the image with particular cultural meanings a nd the photograph functions as the proof that the texts message is true. __ The pictures are also shown in different contexts in the three newspapers with _The Sun__ using a different strategy to The Telegraph___ and _The Times___. _The Telegraph___ and _The Times___ use similar sized pictures of the individuals involved. In _The Sun__,_ the size of the photographs of the individuals differs considerably. This discussion of several newspapers representations of the same news item show how semiotic analysis can determine the meanings of such news items, as a result of the linguistic and visual signs used within the texts. However, semiotic analysis cannot determine how an individual reader might interpret the representations of the news items in a real social context.Semiotic analysis does offer an insight into the factors at work in the production of a news item and distinguishes the various codes, which are employed by different types of newspaper when representing a particular new s item. CONCLUSION To conclude this essay, from all that I have researched, I now crawl in that newspapers have indeed come a long way I am going to give my opinion of what I believe should be the role of newspapers as an integral form of news media to the society. Newspapers are expected to keep the people informed about the political activities of their government.They should give in detail, the statements of speeches made by the rulers at public meetings or on the radio or television. They should also report the activities of political parties and leaders. regular newspapers should be able to criticize the policies and statements of the government or of the political parties in a fair and just method. Newspapers should also describe the economic policies of the government. For example, they should describe its import and export policies, its plans for future economic development, and the prices of different things unconquerable by it, and so on.In addition, newspapers should a lways report in detail, the economic policies of the government in the palm of agriculture, industry, and commerce, should be more detailed about matters concerning the problems of labors, farmers and other working people, and suggested their solutions. Newspapers should give a true and correct picture of society. They should describe the activities of the people in different fields like education business industry, law, medicine, science, and so on and also tell us about the activities of students and teachers, businessmen, industrialists, lawyers, doctors, scientists and all categories of working people.They should convey information regarding the different crimes taking place every day. Newspapers ought to tell about the political, economic, and social changes in different countries and give descriptions of changes in government and revolutions in different parts of the world. Lastly, they should give descriptions of changes taking place in other societies in education, science, and medicine industry agriculture and defence preparation. These are a few suggestions I believe that are suitable ideas and courses that newspapers should begin to focus on instead of the media frenzy seeking status they seem to be attaining nowadays.I do not believe that newspapers have reached the point of maximum satisfaction in the views of the society. Centuries ago, it was comprehendible that newspaper agencies could only print certain facts as some of them or most of them were government own and operated. However, with freedom of journalism, one would expect that they would become more transparent in the way they convey out news to the society. However, news relaying has been turned into infotainment. It matters less whether news is right or wrong, and matters more whether it is gripping and this is not the ways newspapers should be going nowadays.Newspapers are probably the main source of handy information that provides up-to-date information on a daily basis that everyo ne can afford to buy. It gives the sophisticated approach towards life in social, political, economical and entertainment framework. Provide knowledgeable information available to all ages and societal status. Newspapers influence the society greatly because it is not necessary that everyone have TV, or internet resources, radio, as these are the proficient resources, but everyone gets to read the newspaper every now and then.Newspapers are the global need of every culture, and should therefore promote freedom of journalism to project the truth in the society. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bignell, J (1997). Media Semiotics An Introduction. Manchester Manchester University Press. 79-98. Carlos Hurworth. (2009). How the News Media Controls Society. open http//www. helium. com/items/1534166-how-the-news-media-controls-society. Last accessed 13 Dec 2009. Farlex. (2006). Role of News Media.

Letter to the Editor about Arthur Schopenhauer Essay

Dear Sir,Your editorial on the crystalliseness and practicality of Arthur Schopenhauers philosophy in our eachday lives was well very well- written. In it, you have made receive the main ele manpowerts of Schopenhauers philosophy that existence, far from harmonious, is actually full of conflict, that the get out the innermost essence of every man is irrational and nothing but a blind impulse toward existence, and that happiness cannot be bring home the bacon by humankind because the pull up stakes necessitates suffering (Pfeffer, 1972, p. 42).To solve the problem of existence, you proposed what Schopenhauer himself suggested, and that is the negation of the will as much as possible. This is similar to what Buddhists do in their denial of mans desires. Thus, like Schopenhauer, you propose everyone should try to discharge themselves of their will to attain Nirvana.Sir, as much as I intellectually enjoyed your exposition of Schopenhauers philosophy, I would have to disagree wit h you both. I think that the will should not be denied because it does not necessarily running to suffering. Instead, suffering must be overcome by changing those who are willing. These refutations are establish on the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, whose thought I think has more practical applications in life than Schopenhauers.Nietzsche greatly esteem Schopenhauer because of the wisdom that allowed him to break with the optimism of the Western philosophical tradition which sustained Friedrich Hegel. However, Nietzsches philosophy developed into a perpetrate and utter refutation of Schopenhauers, which he deemed wrong and I deem wrong. For Nietzsche, pessimism was good, as long as it is not the weak pessimism that Schopenhauer adopted (Pfeffer, 1972, p. 44).This kind of pessimism is uncreative and negative and would simply soupcon men to alimentation lives based on nothingness. What Schopenhauer did was merely to replace Kants transcendental world of reason with the will but the basal approach did not change (Strong, 1988, p. 227). I would even venture to recount that Schopenhauers suggestion when it comes to living life is far more absurd than that of Kant. For while Kant instructed us to use reason in everything we do, Schopenhauer would sooner us erase our will something which is virtually impossible since the will cannot be completely destroyed.It is easy to head teacher out what Schopenhauers biggest mistake was in terms of Nietzsches philosophy. Nietzsches concept of the master and break ones back morality draws a line between self-affirming values and self-denying values. The master morality consisting of self-affirming values of selfishness and arbitrary individualism will lead to the creation of the ideal Superman who will be hone in mind and body (Mencken, 2003, p. 64-65). On the other hand, self-denying values, which are mainly perpetuated by Christianity, will lead to mans ruin.Schopenhauer, with his belief that the will should b e negated because it necessarily leads to suffering, clearly adopted a unoriginal attitude toward life. The danger with following Schopenhauer is that his philosophy was a direct result of his own slavish nature, and thus, men would suffer more and perish if they followed it. Schopenhauer took his own psyche and prescribed it to everyone without thinking that his will was not shared by the entire world. Thus, said Nietzsche, people should not be forced to say that the world is Schopenhauer writ large (Strong, 1988, p. 227).Schopenhauer is also wrong when he said that happiness is impossible for it is nothing but a form of pain and a brief cessation of desire (Nietzsche, 2006, p.11). From my own experience, I could definitely say that I have experienced happiness and though it did not last forever, the feeling was not a negative one.It also doesnt make sense to me why a person would want to croak away from happiness simply because it is fleeting. Again, Nietzsche has a better opin ion on happiness because to him, happiness is a function of power. Whatever increases power is good and feels good. Therefore, happiness is power and to attain happiness, men should strive to be powerful. The path to happiness is not denying the will but to change those who are willing.Instead of negating the will or curbing our desires, men must always act for the benefit of the generations to be born after him, accord to Nietzsche. By practicing life-affirming values, the instinct to apply the will to power becomes sharper. Generations of putting the master morality into practice and acquiring rid of slavish beliefs would eventually lead to the formation of a new society of supermen with perfected instincts (Mencken, 2003, p. 67). For me, this remainder is clearly far superior, more positive and beneficial to humankind than what Schopenhauer proposed.Schopenhauers philosophy is basically that of composure and negation. His ways to achieve the abolishment of the will should insp ire revulsion in someone who loves life. Schopenhauer said that the will could be destroyed through timeless contemplation such as what artists do, and by living a life of an ascetic (Nietzsche, 2006, p.11). Nirvana is the ultimate goal of these lifestyles, which is supposed to be a state of perfect nothingness and peace. Schopenhauer defended his view by saying that this state of nirvana might be nothing to a man who still desires, but to a man who has denied his will, the current world were living in with all its suns and milky way is nothing (Pfeffer, 1972, p. 45).While Schopenhauer was right when he said there will always be suffering, it does not follow that we should adopt his attitude of resignation and negation. It also does not follow that we must abolish our desires and live as hermits and artists devoid of passion. As Nietzsche said, suffering is not something to destroy for it is a productive power. Instead of escaping suffering and struggle, men must overcome these to c ancel out their weaknesses and preserve their strengths (Pfeffer, 1972, p. 45).Clearly, Nietzsche was correct again in this aspect as Schopenhauer was wrong. The answer to creating more powerful, happier selves and society is not to eradicate our desires. Instead, we must assert our individualism and selfishness more strongly, not to create chaos, but to build a better approaching for the generations after us. Schopenhauer was a great thinker but he allowed his slavish nature took control of his ideas. I have no doubt that following his philosophy would only lead to our ruin.ReferencesMencken, H.L. (2003). The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche. Tuczon See tart Press.Nietzsche, F. W. (2006). The Nietzsche reader, Volume 10. Oxford Wiley-Blackwell.Pfeffer, R. (1972). Nietzsche disciple of Dionysus. Lewisburg Bucknell University Press.Strong, T.B. (1988). Friedrich Nietzsche and the politics of transfiguration. Berkeley University of California Press.